Public Health Easier Decision Making

Question: Depict about the Public Health for Easier Decision Making. Answer: Wellbeing Impact Assessment Program Wellbeing sway appraisal (HIA) is characterized as a mix of apparatuses, techniques and strategies that are utilized for the assessment of the likely impacts of soundness of a task, program or strategy. Utilizing the strategies of participatory, quantitative and subjective, the program intends to deliver the proposals that help the partners and the leaders to settle on the decisions about the upgrades and choices for the avoidance of injury and infections and advance dynamic wellbeing (Winkler et al. 2013). The subject of the wellbeing sway task program for this task will be a populace based anticipation program of youth stoutness. The program will be named as Healthy Kids (HK) program and will be completed in New South Wales (NSW) and will be conveyed to the non-native and native offspring of Australia. Youth corpulence is a developing wellbeing concern all inclusive and in Australia, one out of four kids is seen as either hefty or overweight. This has been my subject of enthusiasm as stoutness in youngsters lessens their mental prosperity and can realize physical disintegration that incorporates cardiovascular illnesses, shortness of breath and rest apnea. Subsequently, it is fundamental to concentrate on this developing concern and along these lines, this wellbeing sway evaluation program will break down the issue and suggest on its avoidance. Youth heftiness is where exorbitant muscle to fat ratio gets aggregated at an early age. Solid way of life can be of incredible advantages to the kids with respect to their prosperity and heath and keep them from getting youth weight (Karnik and Kanekar 2015). In the previous 30 years, youth heftiness has expanded by two folds and the rates of youngsters who are matured 6-11 years have expanded from 7% to 18% from 1980 to 2014 (Campbell et al. 2013). Youth weight is a consequence of caloric irregularity where little measure of calories are used against the more prominent measure of calories devoured. This is influenced by the natural, social and hereditary components. Youth corpulence can have quick and long haul wellbeing impacts. The prompt impacts incorporate pre-diabetes condition with raised blood glucose levels and the drawn out wellbeing impacts show up when they grow up into large grown-ups. In Australia, the paces of youth stoutness are higher among the indigenous and native youngsters contrasted with the non-indigenous Australians. This achieves a negative effect on their wellbeing and subsequently, this augments the hole in future between the two kinds of youngsters. In the year 2012 2013, 30% of the offspring of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders who were matured between 2 to 14 years were seen as corpulent with respect to their separate BMI. The paces of heftiness among the native young ladies and young men were seen as 32% and 29% individually (Hendrie, Coveney and Cox 2012). The administration of NSW built up a program named Prevention of Obesity in Children and Young People: NSW government activity plan and it was discovered that the anticipation strategy is still in its early stages and is confronting surprising difficulties in conveying the mind boggling changes that are basic in accomplishing the constructive results (Dooyema et al. 2013). Be that as it may, the strategy has fabricated adequate help and duty to making the force for ke y approaches in future. The current wellbeing strategy of NSW coordinates new approaches and systems that affect the wellbeing inside the networks of the aboriginals and can be exposed to a wellbeing sway proclamation of the aboriginals. The announcement is utilized for guaranteeing that the wellbeing needs of the networks of the aboriginals are coordinated and considered during the advancement of the arrangements and projects through the support of exchange and counsel with the Aboriginal individuals (Kim et al. 2016). Since the HK program tended to these essential issues through the escalated network and HIA conference venture, an understanding was created with the wellbeing part of the aboriginals so a wellbeing sway articulation of the aboriginals was not required. The pointers of good wellbeing were seen as lower in the networks of the aboriginals in NSW when contrasted with their non-native partners. The HK program planned to address this divergence and in this manner, built u p a few procedures for shutting this hole and helping the native kids to remain dynamic and eat well in arrangement with the non-native youngsters. It was remarked by the Prime Minister Mr. Tony Abbott in 2014 that the push to close the holes was a lot of frustrating and adequate heading is required to realize the positive results (Browne-Yung et al. 2013). As per an examination led by Lacy et al. (2012), the checking of youth corpulence is ineffectively completed in Australia. It is a basic part of the avoidance of stoutness and gives fundamental populace wellbeing information to following the patterns after some time and recognizes the territories that are at the more noteworthy weight hazard. The creators have suggested that the authority should gather the weight and tallness estimations by utilizing the quit assent for observing the youth corpulence rates in Australia. Figure 1: Childhood Obesity in Australia Source: Hayes et al. 92016) The way toward screening decides if the HIA is required or fitting. Screening guarantees that assets, exertion and time are properly focused on. The screening procedure is done to decide if a strategy or program impactsly affect wellbeing for justifying the consummation of a program of HIA. The way toward screening builds up whether a specific task, program or strategy profoundly affects wellbeing. It decides how strategy influences the wellbeing of the populaces of the helpless segments and the scale and course of the wellbeing effects and measures whether they are theoretical, genuine or insignificant (Harris-Roxas et al. 2012). The screening procedure distinguishes whether the impacts are long haul or present moment and roundabout or direct and asks whether there is a prerequisite for progressively itemized appraisal. The screening procedure guarantees if HIA is the most ideal strategy for adequately tending to the value and medical problems. In spite of the fact that HK program w as planned for directing on both the native and non-native kids, it concentrated on the native youngsters more as they are the ones who require the consideration more than the non-native kids to handle youth weight (Badland et al. 2014). In this way, the purposeful focal point of the program was to the Aboriginal youngsters and the progression of screening remembered concentrating for the likely effects on the soundness of the aboriginals. The screening procedure for the HK program was done by shaping a screening group that comprised of three staff individuals from an organization of wellbeing value preparing, assessment and examination and one representative of the branch of soundness of the nearby wellbeing body. An extra board of specialists of nine individuals was selected for undertaking the appraisal steps of the HIA. Every one of them were knowledgeable about the way toward leading HIA. The individuals from the master board had mastery in strategy examination, incessant infec tion avoidance, wellbeing advancement, early mediation and wellbeing value. The board distinguished that the current procedures of HIA requires changing and inspecting to suit the program needs. A suitable model of wellbeing was chosen that incorporated the network wellbeing with the natural and social association of the individual wellbeing. The National Obesity Task Force model was chosen and consolidating its system with the writing gave by the establishment of wellbeing, an instrument was created for encouraging the screening (Bacelar-Nicolau, Miguel and Saporta 2015). The device was planned as overview surveys that comprised of shut finished inquiry which can be replied with yes or no. The result of the screening procedure was evaluated by investigating the reactions of the screening device and it was discovered that HK program could deliver negative or positive effects on the strength of the kids. From the procedure, it was recognized that the program ought to be completed wit h the further strides of the HIA and the devices must be adjusted for fitting the setting of Australian Aboriginal youngsters. A protracted conversation was impractical with the kids as time didn't allow however the significance of the conversation was featured and work of Aboriginal partners was energized. Table 1: Survey Questionnaires of the Tool Is the potential for the effects of positive wellbeing influencing the wellbeing determinants of the native kids who are matured 0 to 14 years? Do the potential impacts have genuine negative effects on wellbeing? Do the antagonistic effects have the capacity to expand the current disparities in wellbeing between the non-indigenous and indigenous individuals? Is the proposed HIA program affecting the social, mental, profound and passionate wellbeing and prosperity? The extent of the HIA was intended for the distinguishing proof of the sort of HIA to be attempted and when and how it must be actualized. The checking procedure incorporated the structuring and arranging of the HIA by setting out its different boundaries. An intensive advance of checking spares significant assets, work and time in the remainder of the means and in this way, is viewed as the key advance (McCallum, Ollson and Stefanovic 2016). In the more extensive setting of the HK program, a broad procedure of meeting with the focused on networks of the aboriginals was directed simultaneously alongside the HIA. This task of conference was encircled for permitting the native networks to have their perspectives and contributions to the usage and further adjustment of the HK program and express their suppositions on the current systems of the program (De

History of the Conflict In Sudan and the Role of the United Nations Ess

History of the Conflict In Sudan and the Role of the United Nations Presentation Sudan is Africa’s biggest state and has been associated with struggle of different beginnings for shifting timeframes. The paper will follow the starting point and advancement of Sudan’s two most huge wars: the north-south affable war and the present clash in the Darfur area that is currently increasing worldwide reputation. Also, the UN System that is set up in Sudan will be investigated anatomically. At last the paper tries to uncover thoughts on what requirements to happen going ahead so as to improve the Darfur circumstance, just as distinguish key wasteful aspects in the UN’s way to deal with conveying help. History of the Crises In Sudan Sudan is isolated between an Arabic, Muslim north and an African south which is to a great extent Christian or animist. Strain between these two real factors has made Sudan know just 11 years of harmony since picking up freedom from 1956. The flimsiness welcomed on by Sudan’s autonomy started to come to fruition in the months paving the way to triumph over colonization. Southern soldiers got frightful of mastery by the north and started to rebellion. The southern uprisings were put down yet following freedom conflict in the south proceeded as a dissident gathering known as the Anya-Nya savagely looked for either self-governance or inside and out progression. Endeavors of the Anya-Nya proceeded until 1972 when President Numeiry of Sudan marked the Addis Ababa accord with the agitators bringing about three areas inside Southern Sudan that were given a critical level of self-sufficiency. Following this advancement arrangement, harmony fell over Sudan up to 1983 when President Num eiry changed his position wherein he not just initiated Islamic law in the nation... ...://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp. â€Å"United Nations System in Sudan: Data Pack.† http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=FAO http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=OCHA http://news.amnesty.org/record/engafr540042003. â€Å"Sudan: Urgent call for Commission of Request in Darfur as circumstance deteriorates.† http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=OHCHR http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNHCR http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNDP http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNFPA http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNICEF http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNIDO http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNMAS http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=WHO http://news.amnesty.org/pages/sudan â€Å"Civilians Under Threat In Darfur.†

Mothers of the Victorian Period Essay -- literature literary criticism

Moms of the Victorian Period  There is no uncertainty in the way that parenthood has changed from the beginning of time in the manner that it is rehearsed and seen. Albeit difficult to characterize parenthood as a simple task in whenever period, moms of the Victorian time frame were among the individuals who have had it the hardest. For instance, Natalie McKnight, creator of Suffering Mothers in Mid-Victorian Novels, states: When I initially started examining the lives of Victorian ladies, I felt for the numerous ladies who endured the desolations of work just beyond words after the infant was conceived. As I proceeded with my exploration, I started to feel more compassion for the individuals who endure (McKnight 1). Victorian moms were put under gigantic weights and desires when it came to mothering their youngsters. Preceding this time, moms brought up their kids dependent on what felt common and intuitive. Moving into the mid-nineteenth century, nonetheless, moms were relied upon to follow direct and clinical books for spouses, moms, and babies, just as utilize new items available for mother and child. The obligations that were put upon the lady were to keep up and build up the child’s complete physical, mental, and otherworldly wellbeing, essentially without the assistance of the dad (McKnight 2). Moms dealt with household matters and their kids, while men were allowed to focus on work and open undertakings (Shiman 35). Parenthood, along these lines, had come to be an aptitude that must be adapted as opposed to obtained by watching other ladies who had been moms. From a more extensive perspective, men, ladies, and youngsters each had their own circle. Within the security of their home, individuals from the family unit were isolated into bunches among kids and different individuals from ... ... of disappointment esteemed them as an unfit parent. Likewise, the moms of the nineteenth century were fundamentally evaluating another type of child rearing all alone without the guide of any past moms to manage them. In spite of the fact that parenthood will never be simple, Mid-Victorian moms endured in their endeavors to be what society at the time thought about the maternal perfect.  Works Cited Gorham, Deborah. The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal. London: Croom Helm, 1982. Kane, Penny. Victorian Families in Fact and Fiction. London: Macmillan, 1995. McKnight, Natalie. Enduring Mothers in Mid-Victorian Novels. New York: St. Martin’s, 1997. Shiman, Lillian Lewis. Ladies and Leadership in Nineteenth-Century England. London: Macmillan, 1992. Thaden, Barbara. The Maternal Voice in Victorian Fiction: Rewriting the Patriarchal Family. New York: Garland, 1997.  Â

Classified Information About Animal Argumentative Essay Topics That Only the Pros Know About

Classified Information About Animal Argumentative Essay Topics That Only the Pros Know About It's important to not forget that the zoos are businesses which exist to generate a profit. The Columbia Plateau herd spans all 3 eastern regions in a place called the Columbia Basin. Although animals are being taken advantage of, they may be used to discover cures for various diseases that individuals might have. Also, they can make sure that all products are safe before being put on the market. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. At precisely the same time, you should make an effort not to persuade the reader into a particular opinion or side. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. But What About Animal Argumentative Essay Topics? When students are writ ing their argumentative essays which must find, read and analyze plenty of material to do good. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. They are used to the fact that their professors give them the assignment's topic. They should be careful about posting on social media. Animal testing shouldn't be done because animals don't have a choice and it's wrong. Unfortunately, humans are frequently the most dangerous animal so far as zoo animals are involved. It's important to not forget that lots of animals reside in herds or packs in the wild. Animals shouldn't be used for testing. Animal Argumentative Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About Finding the cure for diseases can help everybody in the long run because people are going to have cure. Argumentative writings is a particular sort of a paper. An argumentative essay is a particular sort of essay which requires students to argue with the present points of view as a way to show the truth of their own position. You want to opt for something which is controversial since you can't really argue to refute facts. A conclusion is, without doubt, the most essential portion of the argumentative essay since you can either support the very good impression or destroy it entirely. Ultimately, you also have to have the ability to talk about either side of the argument to provide a rounded essay. At the conclusion of these list, you will discover links to a variety of argumentative paragraphs and essays. Otherwise, the info could possibly be too old to use. No warrant ought to be needed for search and seizures. You should back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and data also. What You Need to Do About Animal Argumentative Essay Topics Before You Miss Your Chance Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentat ive essay topics isn't tough to discover. The value of research in persuasive writing cannot be overstated. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Since you may see, writing an argumentative essay on the majority of the available topics is a time-consuming process which demands lots of efforts and skills it's well worth trying as it is possible to acquire unforgettable experience. What You Need to Do About Animal Argumentative Essay Topics Before You Miss Your Chance The first thing which you are going to want to do once you've chosen your topic is to start with writing an outline. Therefore, the topic needs to be debatable! Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most significant and frequently tricky parts for many students. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is essential for your general success. On the opposite side, acquiring a list of good persuasive essay topics is inadequate. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. As any guide on the best way to compose a persuasive essay will inform you, your essay has to be organized in paragraphs with a logical progression from 1 paragraph to the next. The One Thing to Do for Animal Argumentative Essay Topics Weave in your perspective to create your essay unique. Now, whenever you have a 1-hour essay or a 2-hour essay due and you're not sure you can cope with it on such a brief notice, consider asking our writers for assistance. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. All argumentative essays must have a conclusion paragraph. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's critical to at all times be critically considering the world around us. Good persuasive essay topics need to be persuasive. Schools should not have anything to do with ads. Since you can see, a number of the topics listed are new and handle the recent issues happening in the World today. Still, it's better to get a freedom of choice as far as it is possible to select the issue which interests you. Around the world, immigration is a popular topic as countries suffer from war and financial disasters. Life, Death and Animal Argumentative Essay Topics Bear in mind you may make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Your readers will need to observe the entire picture, and that's what you should concentrate on. It is crucial to begin with demonstrating the most important idea of the entire piece so you and your readers are going to be on the very same page. The picture of a number of the dresses has been displayed together with the color so that it will become simple for the buyer to produce the best alternative.

Adolf Eichmann The Existential Failure - 1596 Words

In her report of Nazi SS member Adolph Eichmanns trial in Jerusalem, first published as a series of articles in The New Yorker, Hannah Arendt managed to spark great controversy, both in the academy and among the general public. The primary attack on Arendt was that she seemed to â€Å"blame the victim†, in this case the Jews, for their role in their own extermination during the Holocaust. While by no means the focus of her book, this perceived accusation in combination with her portrayal of Eichmann as an apparently sane, ordinary man made readers uncomfortable at best and at worst vindictive and unforgiving in their critique. In assuming the objective, detached role she did, she risked ostracizing herself from both friends and colleagues as†¦show more content†¦(106) Eichmann makes such claims of being victimized, stating he stopped being the â€Å"master of his own deeds† (136), and became the â€Å"victim of a fallacy.† (248) In this way, he also deni es that he is free. The greatest human freedom is the ability to choose ones attitude and ones actions, which Eichmann relinquished by asserting that he lacked a choice, and therefore carried no burden of responsibility. Bound to the notions of responsibility and freedom is that of individuality, or the ability to think for oneself. Accepting responsibility relies on acknowledgement that one is an individual. Inability to think for oneself allows for the incorrect belief, which Eichmann possessed, that responsibility can be thrust onto others. In passing the responsibility of ones actions to another, one gives up the power to create ones essence and define who one is. This is the cowardly way out and the result is a failure to realize ones humanity, as there is no real way to run from responsibility and no real scapegoat. Our actions allow us to define who we are, or what our essence will be. It follows, then, that by obeying orders and acting out anothers will we are allowing them to tell us who we are, and impose meaning onto our lives that ought to be created subjectively. Eichmann lived his life always as a â€Å"joiner† of some group or another, with the distressing idea of doing otherwise largely influencing his continued

`` True Freedom `` By Langston Hughes - 1163 Words

America is known as the land of the free, but is anyone really free? One might view freedom as abolished slavery, but true freedom gives one the ability to make choices and act on decisions. True freedom might be gained through lessons learned from history, from accomplishing and seeing dreams become reality, or from standing up for beliefs. Langston Hughes, an American poet known for his writing during the Harlem Renaissance period said, â€Å"In all my life, I have never been free. I have never been able to do anything with freedom, except in the field of my writing.† (citation). As a young African American man, Hughes faced man obstacles, but writing gave him a sense of freedom of expression. His poetry reached people of various social,†¦show more content†¦People of all nations and beliefs have the right to experience freedom from injustice and to live in peace and equality no matter what they look like or believe. In the line, â€Å"I’ve seen its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset,† (cite) Hughes’ use of the words muddy bosom symbolizes brown skin. Although some may not see the beauty in the muddiness, rivers can turn golden or beautiful in the sunset. If people would take the time to get to know others and not judge them by their outward appearance, they could see the beauty within the soul. Like rivers, people have a past that helped shape them. Each person, like a river has deep roots, perseverance, and a need for freedom and understanding. Rivers are confined by land as people are confined by laws, but just as rivers can change course, people can change society. Langston Hughes, like the rivers in The Negro Speaks of Rivers, preserved in the face of adversity as he forged new streams of thought. In Harlem, another example of the struggle for true freedom is represented as Langston Hughes questions, â€Å"What happens to a dream deferred?† (cite) Hughes explores the reality of what happens to people when they are unable to accomplishShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s The Crucible 872 Words   |  4 Pagesto live and that you can accomplish or get anything that the person wants. However, there are some key points that Langston Hughes shows in his two poems that can show a reader how America being perfectly â€Å"free† is not the case. Langston Hughes makes three key points in Open Letter to The South and Let America Be America Again, which are America’s equality, freedom, and Race. Langston talks about these three subjects clearly and shows to the audience of these poems how America still has problems forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Literary Work Let America Be America Again By Langston Hughes1324 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical analysis of th e literary work â€Å"Let America be America Again† by Langston Hughes Man has always been interested in analyzing issues in the history of the world. People tend to appreciate it when grand historical events are described in works of literature. Consequently, writers and poets, try to capture every single step of societal and personal experiences in their works. One of such writers is Langston Hughes whose poem â€Å"Let America be America Again† speaks to certain events in theRead MoreThe Writing Style Of Langston Hughes1001 Words   |  5 Pageswhat he does, certainly, but he must also never be afraid to do what he must choose.† Freedom of creative expression, whether personal or collective, is one of the many legacies of Hughes, who has been called â€Å"the architect† of the black poetic tradition. He is certainly one of the world’s most universally beloved poets, read by children and teachers, scholars and poets, musicians and historians. Langston Hughes became the voice of black America in the 1920s, when his first published poems broughtRead MoreFreedom In Langston Hughess Let America Be Again1251 Words   |  6 PagesOne of Langston Hughes’s most famous poems is, â€Å"Let America Be Again†. It is quite long, and full of expressions about freedom and equality between white and black people. Among the great writer of his time, he inspired others, people to find their freedom. His poems revealed his steadfast admiration for black, especially the poor. Hughes shows all the different community and races in America and, how the rich and powerful overpowering them all. This research paper is to relate the theme, voiceRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesartists such as Langston Hughes. James Mercer Langston Hughes was an African American poet, journalist, playwright, and novelist whose works were incredibly well known. It was during the peak of the Harlem Renaissance in which Langston Hughes produced poetry which was not just musically and artistically sound, but also captured the essence of the blues. Thus giving life to a new version of poetry that illustrated the African American struggle between society and oneself. Langston Hughes was one of theRead MoreHarlem Renaissance: The Double Consciousness842 Words   |  3 Pagespoets of the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes. Many of Hughes poems are about the act of writing poetry, justifying African-American poets right to speak and create verse, which was denied in previous eras. The act of literacy for African-Americans was depicted as a radical, self-conscious act in Hughes output. This is explicitly seen in Hughes poem Theme for English B. The poem very literally portrays a young, African-American man (presumably Hughes himself) being given an assignmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes And His Views On Early 20th Century African American Society Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 2016 Langston Hughes and His Views on Early 20th-Century African American Society When African American slaves were released from slavery following the American Civil War, the ethnic group was now able to control their own lives, and the U.S had to acknowledge their freedoms and rights as American citizens. However, despite bold beliefs from the war, many white Americans still continued to deny equality to those of color. In addition, African Americans had not expressed their true potentialRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes is America677 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes is America      Ã‚   The poets life is the focusing glass through which passes the determinants of the shape of his work: the tradition available to him, his understanding of Kinds, the impact of special experiences (travel, love, etc.). (Fielder 1431). Langston Hughes did not have an easy life. Being a young black male during the 1920s, Hughes was constantly being discriminated against by the color of his skin. Because of that harsh reality, most of his work was centeredRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes: Jazz Poet922 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes Many poets are well recognized for their poems and live that they lived but, one poet is not all that well known. This poet had a rough live living in persecution just because of his skin color. The famous but forgotten Langston Hughes had an exciting career and very intense writings during the severe segregation era which he had lived in Langston Hughes traveled around the world, which made his very exciting career although, it started out slow, and once it got going it took offRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The Rebirth Of African American Arts1708 Words   |  7 Pagesmid-1930s. Some of the major writers during this time of the Harlem Renaissance were Langston Hughes, W.E.B. Du Bois, Countee Cullen, Zoe Neale Hurston, and Marcus Gravey. Lots of these themes that these writers wrote about are themes that to this day artists try to make a point of emphasis, including the American Dream, effects of racism on the black population, black identity, and human rights (Wormser). Langston Hughes seemed to be the â€Å"Father of the Harlem Renaissance†. Some of the poems that he wrote

BRIC Simply Implies the Combination of Few Countries

Question: Discuss about the Portfolio. Answer: Introduction: Literature Review BRIC simply implies the combination of few countries, which are Russia, China, Brazil and India. The future economy of the entire world depends on the development of these four countries (Stuenkel 2014). All the four countries have huge population and they are craving for growth, which has already started to reorganize the entire global commerce. They have young peoples who are concentrated in main cities and can impel this growth into a positive direction. However, the growing aspects of the start-ups and middle class are down in these BRIC countries. The domestic concern must be improved to provide growth in long term, strengths of investment and complement their exports. The average earning of the 800 million residents in the BRIC countries should have exceeded $ 3000 by the end of 2016. This should have effect on many industries like mobile phone, automobile, computers and many more. If income rises then it will also result in increased number of individuals having high net worth (Keukeleire and Hooijmaaijers 2014). Another factor is required to consider for supporting the market is profitability of the corporate. Profits of the corporate in BRIC countries has been consistently high during the past decade which was due to perfect corporate restructuring, reducing the level of borrowing and improving the corporate governance quality. In future if the recent problems in the credit market dont affect the growth of entire world in a very noteworthy manner then it is believed that the growth of Brazil will not be hampered significantly even though there is short term volatility in the market. In the mean time, Indias stock market has been able to reach highest levels (Cowan et al. 2014). It was expected that GDP of India and the earning of its corporate would slow down as its enters 2016 as various monetary and fiscal policy initiatives will be made to keep the inflation level under control. However, if long-term view is taken then Indian market will be slightly volatile during short term. The equity valuation of Chinese has shown upwards movements recently. However, higher valuation is expected seeing the growth of earnings in China (Frank 2013). The mergers, currency appreciation, acquisition and implementation of various plans for management incentive together with tax planning have been able to support Chinese in itiatives. The negative factor for China is its increasing trade surplus with Europe and china. Russia has suffered in the middle of the year due to turmoil in the market and no good performance in the beginning of the year to boost its value (Brtsch and Papa 2013). Therefore, most of the Russian stock has been valued at a moderate rate like shares of Lukoil and Gazprom was valued relatively low even when both of the companies have higher long-term valuation of oil than Petrobras, a Brazilian company. The key factor of Russia is the prices of oil and is unlikely to collapse but for some stock market has been trading at an average level. Forecast of the GDP of the counties of BRIC during the year 2009 to 2015 was roughly US $ 19.2 turn with an export of US $ 5.4 trn, which helps in boosting the domestic growth and creation of a new customer generation. There was a time when the growth rate of US and Europe was slowing down then BRIC countries provided massive growth opportunity for companies to penetrate the virgin markets at a large scale (Frank 2013). The growth of Chinese and Indian economy have been boosted by export and investment in manufacturing products which is largely different from the full of resource Russia and to some extent to Brazil. Therefore, any approach to exploit the BRIC growth must be accounted for in assessing the risk faced by these countries like risks in the stability of oil price (Cowan et al. 2014).. Financial market immaturity and pressure of inflation in china is also to be analyzed by the researcher. References Brtsch, C. and Papa, M., 2013. Deconstructing the BRICS: Bargaining Coalition, Imagined Community, or Geopolitical Fad?.The Chinese Journal of International Politics, p.pot009. Cowan, W.N., Chang, T., Inglesi-Lotz, R. and Gupta, R., 2014. The nexus of electricity consumption, economic growth and CO 2 emissions in the BRICS countries.Energy Policy,66, pp.359-368. Frank, W.P., 2013. International Business Challenge: Does Adding South Africa Finally Make the BRIC Countries Relevant?.Journal of International Business Research,12(1), p.1. Keukeleire, S. and Hooijmaaijers, B., 2014. The BRICS and Other Emerging Power Alliances and Multilateral Organizations in the Asia Pacific and the Global South: Challenges for the European Union and Its View on Multilateralism.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,52(3), pp.582-599. Stuenkel, O., 2013. The financial crisis, contested legitimacy, and the genesis of intra-BRICS cooperation.Global Governance,19(4), pp.611-630.

The Economic History Of Western Europe During The Period Between 1950 To 1973 Essay Example

The Economic History Of Western Europe During The Period Between 1950 To 1973 Essay The aim of this essay is to analyze whether the term Golden Age referring to the European growth during the years from 1950 to 1973 was justified as a term to describe Western Europes economic history. In order to come to a complete understanding on why the years between 1950 and 1973 were characterized as being the Golden Age and to define whether the term was justified, it will be necessary to first examine the history of Western Europe at the time as well as the economical factors that ruled and took place. During the years 1950 and 1973, there was a significant rapid change and development in Europes economical growth. This success was a result of many factors and contributed to the welfare and wider benefit. During the Golden Age everyone experienced a rapid economic growth, modest inflation and low unemployment. The growth rate for the European economy was more than twice as high in the 1950 -1973 period than in the previous 80 years. The macro-economic status was in its best throughout this period than it has ever been. This growth was an outcome of many social factors some of which are: 1. The period between 1950 and 1973 was a period of post-war reconstruction, a period which promised an opportunity for rapid growth if guided by the correct policy. This was an advantage as before 1950, since 1913 the European economical factors had experienced two world wars, which meant that the existing growth had been very low at the time. This is also the reason why the countries which were more devastated by the war, such as Italy, Germany Austria and Japan were able to have the best growth pick-up and the countries that were less devastated such as Australia, Canada, Switzerland and the United States were faced with a reduced pick-up growth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Economic History Of Western Europe During The Period Between 1950 To 1973 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Economic History Of Western Europe During The Period Between 1950 To 1973 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Economic History Of Western Europe During The Period Between 1950 To 1973 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 2. AS Asian economies were rapidly growing, pressures coming to the surface as a result of the competition were identified. A large percentage up to 93 per cent, of all manufactured exports was gained by the developed countries in 1965. However the de-industrialization of Europe was beginning. 3. As pointed out by N.F.R Craft another aspect was that the United States based on the advantage of using more advanced technological equipment, was able to have a larger scale of productivity than Europe did. By 1950 American manufacturing was 2.5 times the British level, 2.75 times the West German level and 3.1 the French level (Schulze 43). 4. During the period 1950 to 1970, materials such as energy were low priced. After 1973 up until 1980 there was a very high raise in prices. The price of oil was raised from $2.1 to $35.5 a barrel. From the following table we can observe the income elasticities and growth rates for the period 1955-1965. As Houthakker and Maggee,(1969) conclude, a high income elasticity of demand for exports and a low elasticity for imports is the main income pattern for fast- growing countries. A stable real exchange rate can be accomplished through this phenomenon. However as Krugman (1989) suggested, we can not imply that the elasticity income alone develops fast growth. The growth of Europe can be seen as a result of the expansion of its share of world markets by expanding the range of goods, rather than reducing prices. The period between 1950 and 1973 is conventionally known as the Golden Age of European economic growth (Crafts, 1995a). with no doubt we can say that technology transfer was an important influence leading to the integration of European markets, price changes, greater codification of knowledge, and the proliferation of multinational enterprise (Nelson and Wright, 1992). However these components were not the only influence. The transfer of workers from agriculture as well as post-war reconstruction was important to the catch-up growth. Even though there was a bounce back from the disruption of the world wars and interwar depression and protectionism, in general, European countries did far better than merely get back on a pre-existing growth trend (Mills and Crafts, 2000). Referring to the cheap technology as an explanation for the rapid economical growth for the period 1950 to 1973 leading to the golden Age, Boltho (1982) argues: If cheap technology and abundant labor and raw materials were not novel features of industrial Europe, something else must still explain why in the 1950s and 1960s they led to supergrowth Such an explanation would seem to have come from the demand side. . Boltho(1982) As (Abramovitz, 1986) described, in order for the catch-up in the early postwar Europe to take place and be successful it was necessary to have a social capability meaning that structures that would encourage investment and innovation had to be present. However in many countries social contracts that facilitated wage moderation in return for high investment in a corporatist setting accompanied by trade liberalization were developed (Eichengreen, 1996). The catch-up growth outcomes during the Golden Age, was not the same for all countries. This is totally understandable if one considers the importance of institutions in growth. The period of 1950-1973 is justified when characterized with the term Golden Age as the fast economic growth in Western European countries produced an improvement in labor as well as the raise of the welfare for the state and the social economy. Higher employment rates and employment opportunities were produced, benefiting workers and their families. The increase demand in labor is accomplished by increasing the demand for products as well as the prices of products which are produced and exported. As mentioned previously in this essay, the Golden Age also meant the increase of the GDP for the sample of 141 countries the increase was from 1.73 in 1950 to 2.50 and to 3.09 in the 1990s . Throughout this essay many opinions, statements, notions and theories were stated and analyzed, in order to come to a conclusion on whether scholars were justified in using the term Golden Age to refer and describe the economic history of Western Europe during the period between 1950-1973. in order to come to a conclusion some facts such as some major points and aspects that lead to the development of the Golden Age as well as the advantages of that period were analyzed. The period of 1950-1973 was indeed a Golden Age for the individuals as well as the wider society and the state. There is no dispute that this period was successful in terms of macro-economic performance as the real growth rate for the world economy was more than twice as high than was before or even since. Throughout the Golden Age unemployment remained low, leading every segment to a wider range of choices, opportunities and in general a better life. Apart from individuals the state also benefited during that period as the growth in scale of the economy led to rising trade.

Volver Conjugation

Volver Conjugation Volver is a common Spanish verb that usually means to return, to come back or something similar; in the reflexive form, volverse, it also can mean to become. Volver is a stem-changing verb; to conjugate volver, change the -o- to -ue- when stressed. Volver also has an irregular past participle. Irregular forms are shown below in boldface. Translations are given as a guide and in real life may vary with context. Verbs that follow the conjugation pattern of volver include absolver, devolver, disolver, desenvolver, resolver and revolver. Infinitive of Volver volver (to return) Gerund of Volver volviendo (returning) Participle of Volver vuelto (returned) Present Indicative of Volver yo vuelvo, tà º vuelves, usted/à ©l/ella vuelve, nosotros/as volvemos, vosotros/as volvà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas vuelven (I return, you return, he returns, etc.) Preterite of Volver yo volvà ­, tà º volviste, usted/à ©l/ella volvià ³, nosotros/as volvimos, vosotros/as volvisteis, ustedes/ellos/ellas volvieron (I returned, you returned, she returned, etc.) Imperfect Indicative of Volver yo volvà ­a, tà º volvà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella volvà ­a, nosotros/as volvà ­amos, vosotros/as volvà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas volvà ­an (I used to return, you used to return, he returned, etc.) Future Indicative of Volver yo volverà ©, tà º volvers, usted/à ©l/ella volver, nosotros/as volveremos, vosotros/as volverà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas volvern (I will return, you will return, he will return, etc.) Conditional of Volver yo volverà ­a, tà º volverà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella volverà ­a, nosotros/as volverà ­amos, vosotros/as volverà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas volverà ­an (I would return, you would return, she would return, etc.) Present Subjunctive of Volver que yo vuelva, que tà º vuelvas, que usted/à ©l/ella vuelva, que nosotros/as volvamos, que vosotros/as volvis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas vuelvan (that I return, that you return, that she return, etc.) Imperfect Subjunctive of Volver que yo volviera (volviese), que tà º volvieras (volvieses), que usted/à ©l/ella volviera (volviese), que nosotros/as volvià ©ramos (volvià ©semos), que vosotros/as volvierais (volvieseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas volvieran (volviesen) (that I return, that you return, that he return, etc.) Imperative of Volver vuelve (tà º), no vuelvas (tà º), vuelva (usted), volvamos (nosotros/as), volved (vosotros/as), no volvis (vosotros/as), vuelvan (ustedes) (return, dont return, return, lets return, etc.) Compound Tenses of Volver The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, vuelto. The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, volviendo. Sample Sentences Showing Conjugation of Volver and Similarly Conjugated Verbs Hay cosas que nunca no van a volver. (There are things that are never coming back. Infinitive.) Se ha resuelto el problema. (The problem has resolved itself. Present perfect.) El viento vuelve a complicar los aterrizajes en el aeropuerto. (The wind is complicating landings at the airport again. Present indicative.) Se prepara una solucià ³n de bromuro de sodio disolviendo 4 gramos de la sal en 50 gramos de agua. (A solution of sodium bromide is prepared by dissolving 4 grams of the salt in 50 grams of water. Gerund.) Revolvià ³ en su mente todo lo que sabà ­a. (Everything he knew stirred around in his mind. Preterite.) Algunas veces volvà ­an a ponerse las mismas ropas sin lavarlas. (Sometimes they would put on the same clothes again without washing them. Imperfect.) Sà © que volvers muy pronto. (I know you are coming back very soon. Future.) Mi amiga me dijo que le devolverà ­a el dinero a Harry. (My friend told me she would return the money to Harry. Conditional.) La comisià ³n pidià ³ hoy la intervencià ³n del Ministerio de Trabajo para que resuelva el conflicto laboral. (The commission today asked for the intervention of the Labor Department in order to resolve the labor conflict. Present subjunctive.) Mi presencia era suficiente para que me absolviera de los cargos. (My presence was enough for me to be absolved of the charges. Imperfect subjunctive.) No vuelvas nunca ms. (Dont ever come back again. Imperative.)

Anything Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anything - Research Paper Example Microeconomics on the other hand would focus mostly on how for instance a company would boost and reorganize its production capacity so as to reduce output and at the same time maximize output. As a matter of fact and retrospect, this paper will focus in details in relative terms the Microeconomics and Macroeconomic issues relating to the United States of America and China. To begin with the United States of America by fact and reason happens to be one of the richest countries in the world today if the number of industries and billionaires is anything to go by. This is the reason as to why the current Gross Domestic Product which is informed by per capita income stands at the $16.8 trillion. China on the hand has a Gross Domestic product of $9.24 trillion, which is relatively lower than that of the United States of America (White, Jude and Xiaoyuan, 12). One of the reasons that has been given as the possible justification and reasons for the growth of the US economy comparative to the Chinese includes the economic policies. From the outright and face value, the United States of America happens to be a free society and thus a free economy by extension. This is to say that the amount of fiscal and monetary interventions that the United States government invokes are on the minimum. Thus, the free markets forces would interact and meet at their optimum or equilibrium. China on the hand, employs a stringent mode of rules and policies which includes the inclusion of monetary and fiscal policies in any event that they are needed or necessary. It goes without mentioning that once the interventional rules and policies are involved then some side effects would be incurred. For instance, if the policies are enforced by a government, then the tax rate would increase which implies that the level of investment would reduce. This stems

What are the Key Success Factors for the industry Essay

What are the Key Success Factors for the industry - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that wide market that is available. Many people nowadays prefer bottled to other water. Some of the reasons why they frequently choose to take bottled water are because it is safe, that is, free from contamination, it is flavored and readily available. More significantly, most of the people consider bottled water as a product of prestige. Due to the fact that, we are in the generation that value showing than any other thing they opt for bottled water. It is estimated that in the year 1990 more than two billion of gallons of this water was consumed in the United States of America only, exclusive of other countries. By the year 2005, there was an increase of consumption per capita of 25 gallons. This is a proof that this product has a wide and ready market. The bottled water popularity that was ever on the rise was ascribed to the questionable sanitation issues of the drinking water that was provided by the municipality. Also, the lifestyle o f American that is ever working and busy found bottled water to be more convenient due to its portability. Due to health consideration, many people opted to take the bottled drinking water instead of the soft drinks. Soft drinks had a lot of sugar and other additives that were not healthy for the consumption of the people. The method of parking water too pleased many people. The water was parked in containers that could be returned back to the company after the whole amount of purchased water was used. (Dege 421). There was also very stiff competition from rivalry companies, something that made the administration of the company to innovate new production and marketing strategies to ensure that the company is known by many customers. This greatly improved the quality of the products. Due to the quality it attracted many clients who were interested with quality products. Promotions of the company were intensified, and at the same time products were sold at lower prices compared to the rivalry companies. The company was complying with all the legal requirements. Therefore, there was a minimal hindrance from the legal framework. This feature made all the activities of the company to be undertaken openly with no resistance from the enforcers of the laws for instance, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act was given much priority. The constructions and the design of the company had followed the legal framework to the latter (Dege 420). Good administration is a factor that led to the success of the company. The management team focused on research to improve the production and marketing processes. It was also proactive in prevention of instances that could jeopardize the progress of the company. 2. How is the industry changing? The industry has been growing tremendously and expanding its market since the year 2000.this is because many people shifted and some are in the process of stopping using Municipal drinking water to bottled drinking water. More especially in the United States of America the market has immensely grown leading to high consumption of bottled water and other products which are produced by the company. The production of the industry is also changing to fit the demands of customers in regard to their health and nutrition, whereby they are producing products which are healthy and boost the body systems. Due to this, the industry is making a lot of profit and it is utilizing the same profit in opening up of new branches in areas of the target. Up to now, the industry is found all over the world. 3. Describe and evaluate the strategies of the "Big 3" companies in the U.S. market. Appropriate Promotion strategies The companies invested adequately in the marketing of their products using attractive methods and knowing the gap that was left especially by the Municipal that was in charge of supplying people with drinking water. The strategies took the attention of many people who later on decided to purchase for the products of the companies. They went beyond the market

Eating Disorder Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Eating Disorder Research Paper Essay Media and society are often looked at as a source of daily entertainment, gossip and news. Every day, people are constantly exposed to thousands of images of glamour, beauty, celebrities, and much more. The media is so compelling that it has the power to change what people believe in. The images that are shown repeatedly make a way into teenagers mind and they want to be a part of what the media shows. Teens feel the need to change their body to look a certain way and be like someone else. But a fact unknown to teenagers is that even celebrities’ body are not perfect. The most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. People with anorexia have a huge fear of gaining weight and a change in their body shape and size (â€Å"Eating Disorders†). Anorexia has been characterized as a â€Å"rich white girl† disorder because most anorectics are white and about three-quarters of them come from households at the middle income level or above (Davidson and Fundukian). Bulimia on the other hand is when a person eats large amount of food over a short period of time then later performs activities to try to burn the calories off. Binging is the most common symptom of bulimia and it is often done when trying to get rid of the food eaten. Bulimia is thought to affect around 1% to 5% of teenage American girls and up to 3% will be bulimic at some point in their life (Arnold and Walsh 30). Studies show that â€Å"media exposure has a direct impact on disorder symptoms and indirect effects through gender role endorsement, ideal-body stereotype internalization and body satisfaction. † The covers of magazines display pictures of both men and women whose images are offered as near perfection in society. â€Å"Research has shown that even brief exposure to ads showing highly attractive models results in decreased satisfaction with ones own appearance† (McMurray). Teenagers should know that celebrities are not magically beautiful and thin, they are made to look that way. â€Å"Today’s culture is unique in that the media is a far more powerful presence than ever before† (Derenne and Bersin). The media has been named as a causative factor for body dissatisfaction, which promotes unrealistic standards of female beauty and show images that create and reinforce cultural definitions of attractiveness. (Qtd. in Wexler). The media opens the door of eating disorders to teenagers and brainwashes them into thinking that being thin is important and necessary. The media needs to be very careful in the messages that they give to teenagers regarding body image. Dr. Bond says how â€Å"the media should be more responsible in not publishing pictures of very thin models and celebrities because young people wish to emulate them. Eating disorders are not going away, if anything they are becoming more common (Thinspiration? ). Advertisements everywhere continually expose the notion that losing weight will make people happier. Advertisements that show thin celebrities reach out to individuals telling them what they can be or become if they were thin. By looking at these advertisements, women start to feel insecure about the way they look. The NEDA reports that â€Å"women’s magazines contained 10. 5 times more advertisements and articles promoting diet and weight loss then were found in men’s magazines. It also reports that a study of 4,294 network television commercials revealed that one out of every 3. 8 commercials conveyed some sort of attractiveness message of what is or is not attractive† (Qtd. In Wexler). Many women frequently compare their bodies to those around them and the body images on advertisements lowers their self-esteem. The advertisements of celebrities affects the stereotypical idea of an ideal body which leads to eating disorders (Stice et al 5). Online, there are websites that promote anorexia. Teens with anorexia can then put up pictures of their skinny bodies for other anorectics to see and feel encouraged by. They feature pictures of celebrities such Keira Knightley and Victoria Beckham that promote 400-500 calories a day diet. In a year alone more than 500,000 people visited the sites and a 2011 EU survey found more than one in five six-to 11-year olds had been exposed to one or more sites with these â€Å"harmful content† (Thinspiration? . Teens who are anorexic feel that having an eating disorder is not a bad thing. They look upon each other for support, telling each other secrets of losing weight. The quote â€Å"Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels† by Kate Moss is popular among these pro-anorexia websites (Wardrop). TV shows also send the message to be thin to whoever watches them. Disney Channel, which attracts millions of viewers, especially the young, made fun of eating disorder and actually promoted the idea of being thin. In the show Shake It Up, someone stated â€Å"I could just eat you guys up, you know, if I ate† (â€Å"Party It Up†). In another Disney show, So Random, a conversation goes on where one character tells another â€Å"Angus only eats one full meal a day† to which Angus replies â€Å"My agent’s always on me about looking my best (Colbie Caillat). Disney thinks about eating disorders as a joke which is not dangerous. For many kids, the people on Disney are their role models, and if kids see their role models not eating, they are going to think that it is okay to not eat. Also if Disney encourages the idea of not eating that kids will do the same thing. Demi Lovato who battled an eating disorder attacked Disney about these risky messages that they send to kids. Experts say that Lovato opened the Pandora’s Box about the dangerous effects television shows can have on the negative body image of young women (â€Å"Disney Pop Star†). Even in other TV shows, the overweight characters are most likely portrayed as lazy and the one with no friends, while thin characters are successful and popular. This also sends a message that in order to be successful in life a person has to be thin. Teenagers feel pressured into looking the way society wants them to look like. Everywhere they go, they see posters of celebrities enhanced to look â€Å"perfect. Society thinks that if someone does not look a certain way then it is not acceptable and that they should change how their body looks. From a young age, women are given the message that in order to be happy, they must be thin. Thousands of teenage girl starve themselves to attain what the fashion industry considers to be the â€Å"ideal† figure (Thompson). Society has become obsessive and prejudiced when it comes to body image. Society and media work together to get that one message across to teens today; to be thin. New diets come out every month and media spends money trying to advertise them and get celebrity endorsements. In stores, the front pages of magazines show that one celebrity that everyone looks up too. How they talk about that one diet that â€Å"changed their life† and made them â€Å"happy† again. Teens think that if these celebrities can be skinny, then why can’t they? Teens spend their times looking at websites and magazines that tell them how to be skinny. By constantly portraying â€Å"perfect† bodies in the media, it promotes unhealthy eating that can sometimes lead to death (â€Å"Disney Pop Star†). Even today, dolls like Barbie send that message to young girl to be thin. The Barbie doll is a stereotype of a woman with no flaws and a perfect body who gets to be whatever she wants. Girls who play with Barbie feel the need to look and act like her. The traditional Barbie is known for her 40-18-32 measurements (Young) which would be unproportional on human bodies (Grey). If Barbie were real, she would be 59 tall and weigh 110 pounds, about 35 pounds below the minimum healthy weight for a woman of that size (McMurray). Barbie helps to perpetuate an ideal of materialism, beauty, and being thin is happiness and since a young age, the desire to be thin is recognized by girls everywhere. But eating disorders doesn’t just affect women, it affects men also. In a study by Harvard researchers, 25% of 3,000 adults had anorexia or bulimia and 40% of binge eaters were men (Boodman). Just like women, men also feel pressured into looking a certain way. In school, boys are told to be healthy if they want to keep playing a sport. But that habit can become something more dangerous. â€Å"Studies show that gay males particularly place a higher calculation on thinness than heterosexual males, with a level of concern for thinness almost equal to that of the typical heterosexual female† (Anderson, Cohn, and Holbrook 41). Because of this many men might be afraid about coming out to the world about their eating disorder. Some people think of an eating disorder as more of a woman thing and â€Å"psychological tests for eating disorders are biased towards diagnosing women† (Anderson, Cohn, and Holbrook 41). Eating disorders are also common in the entertainment business. Celebrities and models are also under pressure to look their best. The average model weighs 23% less than the average woman and fit the category of being anorexic (Thompson). Models go through plastic surgery and photos are air-brushed before going to print. The body type and images are unobtainable to the average individual and the constant force of these images on society makes teens believe that they should be. Many celebrities and models who feel that an eating disorder is something more dangerous than what everyone else seems have come out and talked about that issues. Even celebrities who once had an eating disorder spend time educating others and telling them that it is okay to get help. In 1992 after the news about Princess Diana being bulimic was released, there was a significant increase in the number of bulimia diagnoses. This effect then came known as the â€Å"Diana Effect† (Celebrities Who Battled Eating Disorders). Just like how Lucy Grealy states in her memoir Autobiography of a Face, Beauty, as defined by society at large, seemed to be only about who was best at looking like everyone else (187) it looks like that concept has not changed since that time. In today’s society everything is about being thin and trying to look like a model or a celebrity. Teenagers try to do everything to make themselves how society wants it but in the end they just destroy themselves. Society and media think of an eating disorder as a joke but it is a disease; a disease that has the power to take the lives of both women and men. For anybody out there who thinks that an eating disorder is not a big deal then they are wrong. People, especially the media, should know that the message they send out to teens is wrong; everything is not just about being thin. Simply by the media bringing out the concept that being beautiful and thin is necessary for a successful life is wrong. Having to look like a model to be accepted in society is wrong. All these messages have a huge negative effect on teenagers and they think down of themselves just because they do not think they are â€Å"right† for society. The fake advertisements that are shown is just another step for teens to developing a dangerous and deadly addiction that is called an eating disorder. â€Å"I think we look at society and we look at every ad that out there and everything that tells us how we’re supposed to look, and how we’re supposed to live, and how we’re supposed to be instead of saying ‘Is that how really I feel? ’, ‘Is that really what I want to do? ’, and ‘Is that really how I want to live? ’† (Ellen DeGeneres).

Spinning Misconceptions :: Break Dancing Culture Essays

Spinning Misconceptions The music pounded loudly on the dance floor as people stood in a circle. Nodding my head to the beat, I stepped out and did a few dance steps before I went down to the ground. On my hands and legs, I began walking rounds to the beat, throwing in a little bit of flare to it all, as much flare as I could think of. A few moments into the step, I jumped onto my hands and twisted my legs in the air. Freeze! So far, the crowd seemed silent; they just casually watched me mess around as if I was making a fool of myself, for it looked so simple to them. After some more dance steps, I jumped onto my right forearm and split my legs in the air above my head. Freeze number two! The hard-to-please crowd gave little response. I find it very difficult to dance to a crowd who shows such little response: neither positive nor negative feedback. So I jumped into the move that they gave their attention to see. I did a windmill: I rolled around on the floor as I swung my legs around in the air. The crow d finally gave me cheers of satisfaction. From the few years I learned about the break-dancing culture, I discovered a drastic difference between the popular view of the dance and an actual break-dancer’s view. Most misperceive the dance to be a bag of fancy aerobic tricks; however, the dance is more than that, for it includes the profound creative expression that makes it a unique portion of the hip hop culture. The first response I notice from people when I say that I break-dance is the emphasis on spinning on the head or just plain old spinning around. Flares (a gymnastic move where the dancer swings his legs around with only arms as support), head-spins, and other flashy moves are the main thing people associate with break dancing. â€Å"What, break-dance? What, you can spin on your head?† is an extremely common response. When people watch any type of breaking, they anticipate the showy stuff. Most have a superficial view of the dance and lack the profound appreciation for the art and culture. I find that people unconsciously categorize the dance into two parts: moves they think they can do, and moves they wished they could do.

International Law †Definition Essay

There have been many attempts at codifying the laws governing international activities. An international law essentially governs international activities, or activities that have international implications, between two sovereign nations or entities by common rules, standards and conditions. The concept of legally binding agreements with an international scope was first introduced by Jeremy Bentham in the last quarter of the 18th Century (ILC, 2009). Jeremy Bentham was an English philosopher who first coined the idea of an international law that would regulate all important activities or aspects of international activities like commerce, justice, high sea activity, illegal acts, sovereignty, self defense and crime (Britannica, 2009). International law is inherently different from other laws as it primarily addresses the concerns of nations and not private citizens. It can legally be categorized into three different legal disciplines: 1. Public international law deals with common law issues between sovereign states and international organizations. Legal areas that are covered under the ambit of Public international law include international crime, high sea issues and humanitarian laws. 2. Private international law also called as conflict of laws, addresses the issue of ‘private relations’ across national borders and decides on the jurisdiction of the law. It has its roots in all the conventions, model laws, sovereign laws, legal guides, and all other documents and related instruments that govern such international relationships (ASIL, 2009). 3. Supranational law also called the law of supranational organizations, governs regional agreements between two international entities and distinguishingly nullifies laws of the respective nations in a situation of conflict with their sovereign laws. Public International Law Public international law relates to the form and ‘conduct’ of individual states and various organizations across the globe. Over a period of time, there has been an increased international activity and globalization has further enabled internationalization of issues. These issues, whether, economic, geo-political, environmental, criminal or else, find their right place under the ambit of Public international law. Public international law mainly has two branches that that deal with international issues. ‘jus gentium’ or ‘Law of nations’ was initially used by the Roman empire when they dealt with foreigners. Law of nations is a common law among nations that deals with issues like peace and war, extraditions, national boundaries and international diplomatic exchanges (Wiki, 2009). The other branch of Public international law, known as ‘Jus inter gentes’, also finds its roots in the Roman law system. This branch mainly deals with international treaties, conventions and other agreements between sovereign nations and international organizations. Public international law is also used to address sovereignty issues of nations, their boundary issues and jurisdictions. They also identify the legal responsibilities of a state, their jurisdiction of a territory and other territorial issues. This may lead to a situation of conflict between the international law itself and the sovereign state. Private International Law Private international law as described earlier addresses the issues between two private international entities. This branch of law regulates all the lawsuits that involve an element ‘foreign’ in nature and ones that may result in different interpretations and judgments depending on the jurisdiction of the subject (Collier, 2001). Private international law, in a situation of conflict between two international entities, determines if the proposed forum has any jurisdiction at all over the conflict situation. It then analyses and decides on the ability of competing state laws in dealing with the dispute. This branch of international law is also responsible for enforcement of the law. The term ‘conflict of Laws’ generally refers to the disparities between laws and reflects this disparity irrespective of the fact whether the legal system is international or inter-state. The term ‘conflict of laws’ is used by countries with common law system whereas the term Private international law is used more appropriately in cases where civil law countries are involved. The term that was initially used by and American lawyer and Judge Joseph Story for a common gamut of international laws, was discarded later by the common law researchers but was adopted by civil law lawyers (Collier, 2009). Since Private international law deals with international territorial disputes and also decides on legal jurisdictions of nation states, it is generally not easy to enforce decisions. There are two different lines of legal thinking that that try to define this law. One called ‘universalism’ is a stream of thinking where the researchers believe that this branch of law is a part of international law and applies in uniformity and is legally binding to all the nation states. The other group of researchers claims it to be ‘particularism’, according to which each state has its own unique norms of private international laws and pursues them in line with its policies. There are two major areas of functioning for Private international law. ‘Sensu stricto’ or narrow sense comprises of these set of rules and guidelines that actually determine the applicability of law of a nation in relation to the dispute. ‘Sensu lato’, also called as broader sense, comprises of a set of legal guidelines that has a direct bearing on material norms crossing the borders of a state (Collier, 2009). This branch of Private international law normally deals with global issues like international insurance, realty and financial disputes. It was in 1834 that Joseph Story’s treatise on the conflict of laws introduced the contemporary field of conflicts to the system of international law. His work had a great influence on the further legal research done on English laws and thus became the heart of Private international laws for most of the commonwealth countries. Sources of International law International law has evolved over a period of time and has its roots in the Middle Eastern and European history. It was Muhammad al-shaybani who first introduced the Law of the Nations at the end of the 8th century. These were the early legal treaties that explored applications of Islamic ethical code of conduct, and Islamic economic and military jurisprudence in relation to international law. Even though these treaties were in their nascent stage as per today’s complexity of issues, they still covered a number of areas under the ambit of international law, including treaties involving diplomats and diplomatic issues, issues of war, hostages and prisoners of war, and also women, children and civilian protection issues, especially during conflicts (wiki, 2009). The first ever treaties discovered in European history were written by a philosopher, theologist and jurist, Francisco de Vitoria, a staunch Roman Catholic, in late 16th century. Most of these legal opinions by the researchers were greatly influenced by the Islamic International laws that were the only legal International law treaties that took shape in the previous few centuries. Another legal scholar Hugo Grotius in the early 17th century further researched on the international treaties governing international laws and was credited for his legal endeavors (Wiki, 2009). The concept of sovereignty further evolved from the 17th century to the early 20th century in Europe. It was in Munster, in 1648, Germany that the first such instance of any treaty governing the concept of international law called ‘Peace of Westphalia’ took shape. This is when nationalism took precedence and people started identifying themselves with a certain nation-state. It was in the United States that history saw for the first time a modern instrument of international law take shape. Lieber Code was passed in 1863 by the Congress of the United States to govern actions of US forces involved with the civil war (Wiki, 2009). This was the first ever written law detailing guidelines and rules of war that were adhered to by all the civilized nations. The sources of International law are various resource materials and the processes that have shaped it over a period of time. Most of these processes or the building blocks of rules were greatly influenced by the politics in general and the legal theories by the researchers or philosophers. The decisions taken by the judges and the writings by the jurists are considered the auxiliary sources for the development of the international law. The international treaties between nation states and organizations, and the customs are also considered international laws of equivalent legitimacy (Wiki, 2009). As per the International Court of Justice, Customs are considered a primary source for International law, along with general principles of law and various treaties. International law and Customs Customary law is already acknowledged by the International Court of Justice by a statute in Article 38(1) (b), and is also incorporated in United Nations charter by Article 92 (Villiger, 1985). Customary laws are applied by international agencies in addressing the issues related to international disputes where the application of customs is considered an equivalent to the general practice accepted a part of International law applicable to the dispute. As a thumb rule, as and when a practice becomes a custom, it is applicable to all the member states of the international community. These states are bound by these customary principles whether or not they have consented for it, unless they opposed it from the start. Customs have long been a primary source for International law. Even though codification of customary laws took place in 1899 and 1907 in the Hague and Geneva conventions, some customs that were codified, like the ‘laws of the war’, had long been the part of international customs. The new codification of customary civil laws developed over a period of time since the middle ages. The customary expressions of law that were repetitive and were widely accepted within a particular community were written into laws by the local jurists. An example of such law would be ‘custom of Paris’ that regulated the community within Parisian region (Villiger, 1985). The term ‘customary law as a part of International law, also refers to the legal norms that were developed over a period of time and with customary exchanges between two independent states either through diplomacy or with wars. Though customary laws are not considered as superior as other laws written by statute or treaties in the International law system and are loosing their influence, they still are considered and recognized as building blocks for the ever evolving international laws and given great thought in most of the scholarly works by jurists. We may find examples of strong customary laws across the globe, like the Canadian aboriginal law, that have a constitutional backing and thus have an increasing influence over deciding factors (Villager, 1985).

Harpers Ferry Raid - The Harpers Ferry Raid John Brown