Naming Simple Alkyl Chain Functional Groups

Fahrenheit 451 By George Orwell - 962 Words

Both George Orwell s novel 1984 and Eric Blair’s novel Fahrenheit 451 depict a dystopian society. This was a popular theme of the era since it was a time where the world was at war with a society that wanted complete control of the planet. That society being the totalitarian state of Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan. The settings that occur in both books depict that of what people could have experienced in the time period these books were published, something that readers for decades could relate to and learn a lesson from. Fahrenheit 451 is set in a futuristic century, where the protagonist Montag takes pride in his job as a book burner. The government orders all books are banned therefore they must be burned in prevention of use. Montag meets a young girl named Clarisse, and it opens his eyes to a perspective he had never seen before. One day, Montag returns home to his wife passed out due to a drug overdose, and he calls for a team of medics that come in and clean out her syst em with their advanced medical technologies. Montag’s boss criticizes Montag for his flirtation with rebellion of the rules and explains the reason behind their profession. Montag begins to have a â€Å"burning† interest in books and often reads from his secret stash of books he has hidden away. Montag decides the book most intriguing to him is the Bible, he sets it to the side to find a teacher, Faber, to help him read and memorize the indepth meaning of the text. As the story continues, Montag’s stash isShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 By George Orwell1931 Words   |  8 Pagescertain freedoms were implemented into these novels which generated connections between these stories. In his novel, Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury describes a distant world in which the idea of censorship was exaggerated to such an extent that it was illegal for any literature to exist, and if found books are burned by the firemen. Similar to Bradbury’s society, 1984 by George Orwel l includes a corrupt government where members of the Party are under surveillance at all hours of the day, and the worstRead MoreGeorge Orwell And Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1354 Words   |  6 Pagesalike in the ways everyone would think: but when you dig deeper you can see just how different they may be. Both Katharine and Mildred, two character from 1984 by George Orwell and Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, are ignorant women married to the main characters of the novels: Winston Smith, from 1984, and Guy Montag, from Fahrenheit 451. The women seem almost identical in going through their bland lives everyday talking to the relatives and listening to the telescreen, but in some ways they are polarRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 And George Orwell1669 Words   |  7 PagesAs said by George Orwell, â€Å"It is not possible for any thinking person to live in such a society as our own without wanting to change it,† (Orwell). This idea, under the category of knowledge, is reflected through two novels—Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 and George Orwell’s 1984—as people who spend time thinking are caught rebelling against the government’s power and face severe consequences. The protagonists, Montag and Winston, are both desperately searching for answers that pique their curiosityRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Fahrenheit 451 1092 Words   |  5 Pagesdystopian texts; 1984 and Fahrenheit 451. Orwell’s 1984 was committed to paper under the backdrop of the Stalinist totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union, where the freedom of thought had been abolished; which parallels the fascist sovereignty of 1984, governed under the omnipresent puppeteer, Big Brother. Intended to be a warning to humanity concerning the â€Å"poisons of totalitarianism† (Orwell) which denies individuals of basic rights. Similarly, Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 was scribed during theRead MoreOppression By George Orwell And Fahrenheit 4512355 Words   |  10 Pagesachieved in 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 ‘If you want a vision of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face – forever’ O’Brien explains to Winston whilst torturing him near the end of Nineteen Eighty-Four. It is this sense of oppression which Orwell and Bradbury both portray in their novels. Oppression can be defined as the, ‘cruel or unjust use of power or authority’. In Nineteen Eighty-Four there is quite a clear sense of cruelness and totalitarianism, whereas in Fahrenheit 451 there is a lessRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury And 1984 By George Orwell1784 Words   |  8 PagesMENTALITY OF CONFORMITY The societies in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and 1984 by George Orwell clearly show the serious effects of conformity. Despite the lack of freedom to think independently, both societies maintain their general happiness. Conformity is the most common and most persuasive form of social influence. The matching of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are signs of conformity. It has become an unconscious, natural part of everyday life; however, it has been occurring for centuriesRead MoreGeorge Orwell s 1984 And Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511967 Words   |  8 Pages In a totalitarian government, the citizens have no say in how a country is controlled. There will be a few individuals who feel barricaded and want to liberate themselves from the oppressive government. In George Orwell’s 1984 and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 both main characters, Winston Smith and Guy Montag, want control over their lives but it is destroyed by the oppression of individual thinking under a totalitarian government. Two factors that help create control in their life are the relationshipsRead More1984 And Fahrenheit 4511505 Words   |  7 PagesIn the texts, 1984, by George Orwell, and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, the concepts of totalitarianism and censorship are addressed in various ways. Both texts are of dystopian fiction, set in post-nuclear war nations, although they are somewhat of a different nature. The concepts of totalitarianism and censorship are explored throughout the texts by addressing the issue of ‘knowledge is power’, the use and abuse of technology and the desensitising of society. Although these are mentioned inRead MoreThe Loss of Personal Freedoms in a Totalitarian Government Essays1810 Words   |  8 Pagesto choose their occupation. In fact, these citizens have no rights. They cannot speak freely, they do not enjoy any personal freedoms or privacy, and the media is aggressively censored. This is the world of George Orwell’s 1984 and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451. The protagonist of Fahrenheit 451 is Guy Montag, and he is a fireman. His job is to destroy books completely by setting fire to them. Winston Smith is the main character in 1984, where he works as a civil servant in the lower class ruling partyRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Vs. 1984970 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451 vs. 1984 Ray Bradbury and George Orwell share a very similar theme in their two novels, Fahrenheit 451 and 1984. Winston Smith and Guy Montag work within an authoritarian organization, in which, they have opposing views of the authority. The novels are placed in a dystopian setting that the authority believes is a utopia. The dystopian fictions both have very similar predictions of the future. The predictions from these novels have not happened. However, it could be a short matter

Internet World Guide To One-To-One Web Marketing

Question: Describe about a Report on Internet World Guide To One-To-One Web Marketing? Answer: Elements of internet marketing Digital or internet marketing is referred to promotion or selling of a product and/or services to business and personal consumers by means of one or more means of electronic media. The introduction of internet has changed the face of marketing and has accelerated the scope of innovative promotion. Internet marketing shaped with the introduction of web 2.0 which is comparatively interactive, user centric, commercial and cooperative. Its introduction not only opened new avenues for marketing but also gave rise to social networking and online communication. Besides promotional and selling tools, internet marketing includes e-commerce and macro and micro environment of internet as its elements. E-commerce can be referred to the process of conducting business activities virtually using internet. E-commerce can include purchasing and selling of tangible and intangible commodities, fund transfer over electronic media and other business transactions. It is noteworthy that e-commerce can take place in the form of business to business, customer to customer, customer to business and business to customer. The primary benefits of e-commerce are non-stop accessibility and availability of service, speediness, wide choice regarding products and services and mass scale geographical access. The micro environment of internet essentially suggests that it has increase the competitiveness of the market and efficiency of suppliers. The number of rivals in the ecommerce industry is growing while that of middlemen is declining rapidly. Consumers are being provided several choices and their importance to suppliers have also multiplied significantly. From the perspective of macro environment it was observed that internet is essential for success of business as the proportion of internet users and online transactions is rising rapidly. By and large, it can be suggested that internet marketing is of significant importance because of its wide reach and scope, interactive platform, target oriented approach and immediacy. Adaptive and closed loop marketing are also considered as important aspects of internet marketing. Adaptive loop marketing focuses on the way marketers are changing with respect to internetworking and their efforts in terms of strategies in this process. On the other hand, closed loop marketing emphasises on a closed process that helps in improving effectiveness of marketing and sales. Internet marketing mix Internet marketing mix has been derived from the original concept of marketing mix, which is referred to a set of tactics and strategies that influence marketing decisions of an organisation. Marketing mix comprises 7 Ps, namely, Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical evidence. Presently, these factors are being conveniently implemented in internet marketing by marketers such as eBay. Product: Services such as PayPal and Bill Me Later and various online applications and websites have enabled the company to sell various products and services to consumers through web interface. Place: Consumers have a variety of choices regarding purchasing, selling and obtaining other services at eBay. The company has a page where consumers basic queries are answered promptly. Additionally, the company has different pages for different countries in order to establish strong international presence. Price: Different internet based services at eBay are charged differently. The charges also differ for occasional and frequent sellers. EBay has adopted a pay per click pricing model where payment is done in proportionate to number of clicks done. Promotion: online promotion at eBay is done by means of various web pages where various discount coupons, promotional codes and bargains can be availed by consumers. Additional promotional measures include cash back on purchasing by means of PayPal and reward certificates. Moreover, eBay radio enables traders to have latest information regarding eBay rewards, offers and events. Process: Sellers need to list their products on eBay for an insertion fee and pay a final value fee on completion of the selling process. Consequently, the cost of sale for a seller on eBay comprises the insertion and final value fees. Additionally, the value also depends on the kind of listing such as fixed price and auction style. eBay also facilitates daily deals where interested parties can receive regular alerts. People: eBay has placed various eminent individuals as executives at various divisions so that business remains well managed. The company has also initiated a new buyer protection program where purchase and shipping cost of a buyer are covered. eBay has an effective feedback system through which buyers can communicate their experience and expectation. Physical evidence: eBay is headquartered at California and has international and national sites for establishing its market presence. The site has different tabs for products and services along with other information. Comparing internet marketing tools A number of marketing tools have been observed to be flexible enough for internet marketing. These tools have been contrasted and their role in business development has been discussed as follows: Email marketing: Marketing through email is referred as one of the direct methods of internet marketing where newsletters and offers are emailed to existing and potential customers to attract their attention. Email marketing is effective in acquiring new consumers, making repeat purchase and encouraging consumer loyalty. Search Engine Marketing: SEM is an important internet marketing where positioning of a website is done in such a manner that its consumer visibility increases on a search engine. The marketing process includes search engine optimization, keyword searching and various other search engine services. SEM is done essentially to improve traffic flow towards a particular organisations website and consequently, it is a competitive process. Word of mouth: Word of mouth or internet based referral marketing is another important e-tool where existing consumers generally refer products and services to potential consumers. Online referral is primarily done by means of micro blogging forums and social media. Referral marketing is adopted by marketers because it is considered significantly reliable among various potential consumers. Mobile advertising: the mobile market is growing rapidly and acting as a substitute of various digital devices. This trend has not been neglected by marketers and consequently, mobile advertising was introduced. Mobile advertisements are generally embedded with music video and games so that immediate attention can be attracted. Affiliate marketing: This marketing tool is one of the important e-tools and it helps in internet marketing as it coordinates with other e-marketing tools. In this marketing technique, affiliates are rewarded for every customer they bring in and every business that is generated in the process. Interactive order processing This process is referred as the cornerstone of e-commerce as it helps in delivering consumers authentic products, specific order and quick and easy services. In e-commerce, selection of right product and supplier are very important so that online presence of a firm is promoted. Most sellers try to create appropriate persona for their products by means of internet marketing so that consumer confidence is developed and gained. The idea behind interactive order processing is to ensure that consumer demands are met accurately and products and services add value to their necessities. The interactive processing not only serves consumers requirements but also that of the sellers. In online selling, the main requirement is to establish presence in the digital world as well as in the mind of consumers. The interactive processing aims at increasing product visibility and increasing brand awareness. Once consumer selects a particular product, the most important step therein is to check its availability in the stock. As stock availability is confirmed, the order is placed. For instance, at eBay products at displayed for a week and consumers can bid for the time being. During the purchasing process, consumers can make their payment by means PayPal, cheque and money order. Furthermore, consumers can access the delivery information in the website. Mechanics of search engine marketing Search engine marketing is referred to the promotion of an organisations website on various search engines for achieving maximum visibility on the search result page by means of significant advertising and search optimisation. In this context, search engine optimisation is an important aspect of SEM. SEO essentially affects the process of visibility of a web page on a search engine as an unpaid result. SEO is an important internet marketing strategy where optimisers determine the functionality of search engines and helps in promoting sites and their back links. Search optimisation functions in two ways: on-page and off-page. In on-page optimisation, certain factors such as meta (title and description) tags, keyword density and its placement and HTML code have direct impact on natural search outcomes and these factors are essentially controlled by the coder. Contrastingly, off-page optimisation is about uncontrollable factors that are beyond the limits of webpage such as link popularity, social bookmarking, page rank and social media. The other important aspects of SEM are pay per click, search analytics (determination of appearance of a website on search engine statistically) and web analytics (associated with determination of impact of a website on its user). Flight 001 delivers online retail experience by selling various travel products to consumers. The web and search analytics of the company suggests that the global corporation has very limited online exposure; consequently, consumers have limited knowledge of the site. Additionally, the site has limited number of back links and related sites suggesting poor on-page as well as off-page optimisation. Furthermore, the loading time for the site is fairly high and the site exhibits poor navigation links. It is recommended that the company should improve its title and description tags. Moreover, the navigation links require modification so that they appear on the left side of the panel (under header) instead of appearing on the body of the website. Opt-in email marketing newsletter In opt-in email marketing, newsletters, advertisements and other offers are sent to existing and potential consumers with or without their consent. Such mails are often referred as spam. Some organisations have adopted legal measures in this regard and send marketing newsletters only when subscribers have confirmed their identification. Newsletter with header Flight001 Newsletter newsletter@flight001.com from: Flight001 Newsletter to: xyz@abc.com date: day, date at time subject: Sign up for great discounts mailed-by: email.flight001.com signed-by: flight001.com Travelling made easy with Flight001. Sign up with us for discount coupons. Dear subscribers, We understand your love for travelling and to meet your requirements, our products are available at amazing discounts. Kindly sign in and update your information to avail the offers. Simply update your personalised Flight001 profile with your birthday and mailing address and allow us to fill in your mailbox with various goodies on your special days. Update your profile See you soon, The Flight001 Team Not interested? Unsubscribe instantly Best practices in online public relations Online public relation activities are essentially targeted towards various audiences, media and communities that primarily exist on internet by means of online channels. These channels include search engines, news search, discussion threads, blogs, forums and social networks. The online PR tools are presently as strong as the offline ones and consequently, marketers need to be very careful while implementing the same. Guidelines regarding best online practices at flight001.com are discussed as follows: Social Networking: the company need to have strong presence in the social media. Presence in websites such as Linked In, Twitter and Facebook will increase its exposure to greater number of potential users.Photo and video sharing: YouTube and Flicker can be considered effective for this purpose. The company can share various travel and shopping experiences by means of photos and videos while endorsing its products.Brand properties: Presently reputed organisations are adopting various brand properties such as mobile app, RSS feeds, company blog and forum for developing public relation. Such adoption can prove effective for Flight001. Use of new digital media communities Digital media communities have gained significant importance over the years as these are neither sales tactics nor campaigns. These communities are as real as an individual. The communities are essentially dependent on individuals and their viewpoints. Such communities have often been praised for being source of long term business growth strategy. However, the communities essentially need exclusive and reliable contents for growth. In this regard, it is noteworthy that online communities present a way to share individuals opinions and views regarding products. Studies suggest that online communities play an important role in increasing sales and retaining customers. Flight001 has its own website blog where various travel related information have been published by the company. However, the website does not have sufficient presence on social media such as Face Book. Additionally, the website does not have instant messaging and chat room services so that consumers can interact with customer care executives. Secondary market research The secondary research has been conducted to determine consumers online purchasing behavior of cosmetics. Current trends: According to studies, consumers tend to not only surf internet in home but also in office and school. Additionally, the surfing does not always involve work related activities. Internet has become a multipurpose utility domain and has influence the general lifestyle of consumers significantly. It has been gathered from different studies that more than 50 percent of individuals have bought one or more products online indicating that e-commerce has become one of the prominent features of the internet. Buying habits: the e-commerce facilities are not limited to general grocery products. It was determined from studies that in the United States about 60 percent of women purchase personal care and cosmetic products online. This trend is especially common in the US and Canada. It was also determined that online presence has helped cosmetic brands to reach consumers with greater ease. However, consumers are equally price sensitive like offline purchase. Preferences: it was determined that consumers are largely uninterested in coupon based selling. Instead, they exhibit great demand for personalized shopping experience. They are more inclined towards stores that are promoting products keeping in view consumer needs. The secondary market research also revealed that consumers purchase cosmetics driven by emotional needs instead of actual needs. Competition: growth in consumption has affected competition as well. Presently, the market is dominated by more than a few companies compared to the handful that initially captured the market. The industry is worth $20 billion and its major players include local as well as foreign players. The major players in this industry are Sephora, Burberry, L Brands, Sally Beauty Holdings and Estee Lauder. Most of these competitors are e-marketing their products using discount coupons, special discount, online beauty consultation support, social media and mobile app. Online questionnaire survey The paper has undertaken an online questionnaire survey using Survey Monkey in order to assess the consumer preference and support the facts that has been gathered by means of secondary research. Where do you shop from?Home Office Both What do you mainly purchase?Books Apparels Electronics every kind of goods and services Do you prefer bargaining on online websites?What is your frequency of online purchase?Daily Weekly Monthly Rarely Do you prefer receiving online promotional offers such as newsletters in email?Yes No The online survey revealed that consumers purchased mostly from home as well as office unless they have workplace restriction on visiting retail websites. Consumers also agreed that their purchasing behaviour is not limited to one kind of product only; instead, they avail all kinds of products and services online. Almost every consumer agreed that they enjoy bargaining online and they made their purchases mostly on weekly and monthly basis. Lastly, most consumers agreed that they prefer receive promotional offers by means of subscribed newsletters. Electronic customer relationship marketing Establishing customer relationship is essential for business growth and development. Every organisation is presently making effort to improve their customer relationship because customers can be considered as life blood of an organisation. For online retailers, eCRM has played an important role as it helps organisations to manage competition and retain valued customers. Various eCRM techniques are discussed as follows: Consumer facing applications: These interfaces or applications help consumers to have direct interaction with the company by means of one or multiple channels. Many organisations are adopting automated responding system where promotional e-mails are sent and basic queries are answered by the system and complaints are registered until human agents log in the system and resolve it. Besides consumers, such system are being developed and adopted for employees and vendors where they are automatically updated regarding consumer information, sales progress, sales call and inventory requirement and so on. Touching applications: In these applications, consumers essentially interact with pre-programmed system for resolving queries. In this regard, corporations are adopting the strategy of personalising web pages using personal accounts. Through this, consumers can see their previous transactions, products suitable for them (based on frequent purchases) and maintain their payment account safely. In addition, large number of companies are developing the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page where commonly asked questions have been answered for consumers. Online networking applications: At present, every organisation has back links to Facebook and Twitter. Consumers can log into the personalised web account using their existing Facebook and Twitter account. This helps firms to not only interact with the consumers in a public forum but also to show the number of friends and family members of the consumer engaged with the firm for building confidence and trust. Outline internet marketing plan Background activities (Pre-Planning assessment): Competition analysis, Demand analysis, External (PEST) analysis, consumer and supplier analysis, industry analysis, Forward and backward integration with various departments and cost analysis. The online marketing plan has been developed incorporating four Ps of marketing mix: Product strategy Product information: size, colour and brandQuality informationUsage tipsComplementary product offeringsOnline product comparisonCustomized products (as and when possible)Return and refund policyCompetitive pricingFree shipping above specific amountDifferent price for specific occasions (festivals and special days e.g. Labour day)Simple yet informational wireframecreation title and description tags (meta tags)Search engine optimisationBasic information of account holderPayment detailsPurchase details (present and history)Product suggestionsDevelopment of back links to popular social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, Linked In and Twitter.Company blogRSS feedsDiscount couponsCorporate partnership for promoting back linksPay Per Click marketing such as Google AdWordsOnline chatting applicationMobile applicationOrder, query and feedback link and pageFAQ pageOffline customer support Pay per Click Campaign PPC marketing campaign is one of the vital online marketing strategies which involve using various search engines to promote a website in exchange of payment. In this marketing technique, companies pay search engines to generate clicks to its website instead of earning them in organic (unpaid; naturally) manner. PPC campaign can be observed commonly on various search engines such as Google and Yahoo where the sponsored ads are placed at the top and every time consumers click them the search engine firm gets paid. The cost is considered trivial if the technique is effective in attracting consumers. However, it is noteworthy that an online business will be benefited from this marketing technique only if consumers like the website and make purchases. Therefore, success of PPC campaign heavily depends on the corporation in terms of its services and user friendliness of its website interface. The main advantage of PPC advertising is that it gives complete control to the advertiser on campaign budget. The marketer can determine hereof the amount they are interested in investing weekly or daily basis. PPC campaign brings direct attention of the consumers to the website and the marketer has control to stop the promotion in case it is underperforming. On the negative side, the cost of the click depends on the competitors who bid for the keywords. A well-bidding keyword can be expensive and may require company to pay significant amount to earn top ad placement. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that all visitors will be potential purchasers. Reference List Allen, C., et al., Internet World Guide To One-To-One Web Marketing, New Jersey, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1998. Bellman, S. Et al., Predictors of Online Buying Behaviour, https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/1168/predictors_of_online_buying_behavior.pdf, 1998, (accessed May 15, 2015). Coupey, E., Marketing and the Internet, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 2001. Cravens, D. and N. F. Piercy, Strategic marketing, New York, McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2008. eBay, about us, https://www.ebay.com/, 2015, (accessed May 15, 2015). Ellis-Chadwick, F. and K. Johnston, Internet marketing: strategy, implementation and practice, New Jersey, Pearson Education, 2009. Flight 001, about us, https://www.flight001.com/, 1999, (accessed May 15, 2015). Hasslinger, A. Et al., consumer behaviour in online shopping, https://vanmarketing.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/digital-marketing-thuthuatmarketing-com.pdf, 2007, (accessed May 16, 2015). Kiang, M. Y., et al, "Marketing on the Internetwho can benefit from an online marketing approach?." Decision Support Systems, vol. 27, no. 4, 2000, pp. 383-393. Mohammed, R. Et al., Internet marketing: Building advantage in a networked economy, New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2003. Ryan, D. and C. Jones, Understanding Digital Marketing: Marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation, https://vanmarketing.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/digital-marketing-thuthuatmarketing-com.pdf, 2012, (accessed May 16, 2015). Saylor Foundation, internet marketing, https://www.saylor.org/site/textbooks/eMarketing%20-%20The%20Essential%20Guide%20to%20Online%20Marketing.pdf, 2015, (accessed May 16, 2015). Wang, H. Et al., "Consumer privacy concerns about Internet marketing", Communications of the ACM vol. 41, no. 3, 1998, pp. 63-70.

Obamacare and small business free essay sample

Many people have a lot of questions when it comes to the new healthcare reform law. First off Obamacare is formally called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is the healthcare reform law that was signed in 2010 and now many states have opened their health insurance marketplace exchanges as of October 1, 2013. This new healthcare reform law aims to increase the number of Americans that are covered by health insurance and also to decrease the cost of health care. Under this new law everyone in America will have to get health insurance of some form. Insurance companies can no longer deny people coverage because of a preexisting condition nor can than charge a higher premium if one has a pre-existing condition (Hamblin, 2013). Obamacare will also allow for young adults to remain on their parent’s policy until the age of 26. This will allow for many young adults to remain insured while they try to obtain a job that will provide adequate health coverage. Throughout this paper I will discuss the new health care reform law and how it affects small business. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed in 2010 but it does not feel as if much has changed, that is because the law will roll out changes in a ten year span. In 2014 a mandate will require all individuals to have â€Å"minimal essential health insurance coverage† (Hamblin, 2013). This has upset many people because many cannot simply afford healthcare due to the economy that we are currently in. Individuals may purchase health care coverage through federal or state exchanges that are being set up. To help people obtain health insurance those with moderate to low income are eligible to receive tax credits to help pay for the new health insurance. Many states are also expanding their state Medicaid programs. A chart that demonstrates each states decision on whether to move forward with the health insurance exchanges is provided below. The Pros of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act include that individual health care premiums will be reduced and the more than 33 to 44 million people who are uninsured or underinsured will gain coverage through the new state exchanges, Medicare or the newly expanded Medicaid in some states. For those who cannot afford to pay the health insurance premium could be eligible to use federal tax credits and subsidies to help save up to 60% of the current cost of health insurance premiums. This will make health insurance coverage affordable for up to 23 million Americans (Obamacare, 2013). Under the new health care reform law over 47 million women will have access to women’s services with no out of pocket costs for preventative and wellness services (Obamacare, 2013). The low-income individuals will have the opportunity of getting health insurance coverage through the state exchange, Medicare, or Medicaid; however some states have opted out of the Medicaid expansion in which some low-income individuals will not be eligible. Seniors and other individuals eligible for Medicare will see expanding benefits and coverage options; however there will be decreases in home health payments and hospital coverage as well. Obamacare will require businesses with over 50 full-time employees to provide affordable health insurance coverage to its employees however small businesses with 25 employees or less will receive federal tax credits to help offset the costs that a small business will face to encourage these businesses to provide health coverage to its employees (Obamacare, 2013). Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act businesses that have 50 or more full-time employees who work at least 30 hours per week, must provide its’ employees with healthcare coverage or they will face a penalty of $2,000 per employee. This will not only impact the business itself but will also impact the workers of small businesses because many businesses will decrease employee hours to have them remain under the 30 hours a week limit and they may also be hesitant in hiring additional employees in order to stay under the 50 full time employee limit (Davidson, 2013). The delay of the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will allow for small businesses to increase employee hours as well as hire additional employees until 2015 when the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will take affect for businesses. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act may negatively impact some employees; if an employee has coverage through its employer the insurance premium must be less than 9. 5% of their income. For example if the employee premium is $3600 a year and the 20% share of the premium is $720 and the employee makes $45,000 a year; $45,000 x 9.5%= $4275 which is greater than $720. Therefore this coverage would be deemed affordable. However if this particular employee has a family of four the premium for the family would be an additional $7500 a year. In this case this individual would be eligible for tax credits to help afford the health insurance coverage if their employer did not provide health coverage (Lee, 2013). The delay of the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will help and hurt people at the same time. The delay of the healthcare reform law does not change the January 2014 deadline that mandates all individuals to get health insurance coverage or tax credits to help pay for it. The delay pushes back the deadline that mandates small businesses that have more than 50 full-time employees to provide adequate health insurance coverage to its employees or face a penalty. The new deadline is now pushed back to January 2015. The delay of the law may affect some workers who were depending on this new mandate to get health coverage before the January 2014 deadline (Cass, Alonso-Zaldivar, 2013). An individual who is already insured whether that be through their employer, Medicare, Medicaid or a private insurer will not be affected by the delay. Those low-income individuals who would be eligible to receive Medicaid under the new expanded program will however have to wait an extra year (Cass,Alonso-Zaldivar, 2013). A chart that demonstrates which states have decided to expand their Medicaid program is provided below. In my opinion the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has many aspects that can be very concerning and overwhelming for a small business. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will at first have a big impact on small business financials because a business that has 50 plus full-time employees must provide health care coverage to its employees and this could be very costly for a business who may not have as many financial resources as a large company may have. This mandate may cause small businesses to decrease employee hours to less than 30 hours per week and also hinder the business from hiring additional employees as to not fall into the over 50 full-time employees category. A study that was done by Kaiser Family Foundation found that 16 percent of small businesses plan on terminating their healthcare plan after reform has been fully implemented whereas only 6 percent of larger companies plan on canceling their plans once the exchanges go online and individual mandates and employer penalties become effective (Klein, 2012). I think many companies have decided to cancel their existing plans because it would be more cost effective for them in the long run, now the cost of health insurance is completely on the employees shoulders. In some circumstances this could be more cost effective for the employee as I demonstrated earlier. At first I believe that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will be harmful to small business because it will require them to put out money that they may not have available to them in order to pay for employee health care coverage under this new mandate. However over time when everyone begins to adjust to the new healthcare reform law I think that healthcare costs will decrease and will ultimately save businesses money in the long run. However I believe that many small businesses that are on the verge of being over the 50 full-time employee will decrease employee hours and will hesitate before hiring any additional employees. This will not only affect the business but will also affect workers of those small businesses because if their hours are cut they will have to purchase health insurance through the exchange or see if they qualify for their state Medicaid program. Small businesses that have less than 25 employees will qualify for federal tax credits that will help with the cost of providing employees with healthcare coverage. The tax credits are meant to encourage small business that are not required to provided their employees with healthcare coverage to offer their employees healthcare coverage. If I were a small business owner I would fully corporate with the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act because if I employed over 50 people and did not provide healthcare coverage to my employees I would face a penalty of $2,000 per each worker. This would put me at $100,000 in penalties. To me it is worth paying the premium for each worker than facing the penalty, which may cost me more in the long run than paying the premium. I believe that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will initially hurt small businesses because they have to pay upfront the costs that are associated with providing healthcare coverage to its employees. However over time after everyone adjusts to the new mandates small businesses will save money in the long run and will benefit from the new healthcare reform law. I also believe that many workers as well as other individuals will benefit from the new law as well. Many will benefit from the expansion of Medicare and Medicaid as well as the new tax credits that will help people afford their healthcare premiums.